{"id":1513,"date":"2019-05-17T22:12:59","date_gmt":"2019-05-18T01:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=1513"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:56:34","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:56:34","slug":"bra_05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/bra_05\/","title":{"rendered":"Gobernanza \u2013 Autonom\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; inner_width=\u00bbauto\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>El Estatuto del Indio<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_4&#8243;][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; src=\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/images\/stories\/vinetas\/054.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>El <a href=\"http:\/\/www.funai.gov.br\/\"><strong>Estatuto del Indio<\/strong><\/a> (1973), ley nacional vigente sobre derechos ind\u00edgenas en Brasil, especifica que los indios y comunidades ind\u00edgenas a\u00fan no integrados son sujetos de un r\u00e9gimen de tutela que le incumbe a la Uni\u00f3n (Art. 7).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Asimismo, se\u00f1ala que pueden liberarse de ese r\u00e9gimen de tutela, y ser sujetos de derechos civiles y pol\u00edticos (Art 5), los indios o silv\u00edcolas que cumplan con las siguientes condiciones:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong>ser mayor de 21 a\u00f1os,<br \/><strong>2.<\/strong>tener conocimiento del idioma portugu\u00e9s;<br \/><strong>3.<\/strong>contar con habilitaci\u00f3n para el ejercicio de una actividad \u00fatil en la comunidad nacional;<br \/><strong>4.<\/strong>comprensi\u00f3n razonable de los usos y costumbres de la comunidad nacional (Art 9).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>El Estatuto indica que cumpliendo estos requisitos, la persona ind\u00edgena interesada podr\u00e1 ser reconocida como \u201cintegrada\u201d, e inscripta en el registro civil, cesando toda restricci\u00f3n a sus derechos por tutela (Art 10). Cuando la mayor\u00eda de los miembros de una comunidad cumplan con estos requisitos, el Presidente de la Rep\u00fablica podr\u00e1 decretarla como comunidad ind\u00edgena emancipada de la tutela (Art 11).<\/p>\n<p>Es importante considerar que el Estatuto del Indio no ha sido revisado en el nuevo marco constitucional de 1988, a pesar de que desde hace m\u00e1s de 14 a\u00f1os se ha iniciado el tr\u00e1mite en el Congreso Nacional para actualizar este estatuto.Cumpliendo estos requisitos, la persona ind\u00edgena interesada podr\u00e1 ser reconocida como \u201cintegrado\u201d, e inscripto en el registro civil, cesando toda restricci\u00f3n a sus derechos por tutela (Art 10).<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_5&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>La Constituci\u00f3n Nacional y el C\u00f3digo Civil<\/strong><br \/>La actual Constituci\u00f3n Federal reconoce las formas propias de organizaci\u00f3n social de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, pero mantiene el concepto de tutela p\u00fablica, es decir la obligaci\u00f3n del Estado en velar por la protecci\u00f3n de los bienes ind\u00edgenas.<\/p>\n<p>El nuevo C\u00f3digo Civil (ley 10406 de 2002) establece que la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional del Indio (FUNAI) gestionar\u00e1 el patrimonio ind\u00edgena, a menos que se demuestre que el \u201cgrupo tribal\u201d titular de aquel patrimonio tenga \u201ccapacidad efectiva\u201d para esa gesti\u00f3n. Esto muestra que a\u00fan se mantienen reglas que sostienen la pol\u00edtica tutelar del Estado brasile\u00f1o con relaci\u00f3n a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas.<\/p>\n<p>El mismo c\u00f3digo establece en su Art. 4\u00ba que los pueblos ind\u00edgenas no son m\u00e1s incapaces relativos y que ser\u00e1 la legislaci\u00f3n especial la encargada de definir la regla de capacidad espec\u00edfica para atender las particularidades de la titularidad de derechos y deberes colectivos e individuales de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas. Esta legislaci\u00f3n especial, el nuevo Estatuto de Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas, no ha sido reglamentado hasta la fecha.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_5&#8243;][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; src=\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/images\/stories\/vinetas\/4.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Del R\u00e9gimen Tutelar a la Autonom\u00eda Ind\u00edgena<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_5&#8243;][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; src=\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/images\/stories\/vinetas\/20_autoridades%20indigenas.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_5&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; 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quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>\nEl derecho de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas a la Autodeterminaci\u00f3n, es decir a controlar sus vidas y comunidades, y participar en todas las decisiones que los afectan, dentro de la estructura vigente de unidad nacional y de integridad territorial de cada pa\u00eds, rige en Brasil de acuerdo con el Convenio 169 de la OIT [para saber m\u00e1s, puedes ver la secci\u00f3n Derecho a la Gobernanza en el Convenio 169] incorporado en el orden jur\u00eddico brasile\u00f1o, y a la Declaraci\u00f3n de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas [para saber m\u00e1s, puedes ver la secci\u00f3n   Derecho a la Gobernanza en la Declaraci\u00f3n].<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Derecho a la Justicia y Justicia Propia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De acuerdo al Estatuto del Indio, el \u00f3rgano federal de asistencia al Indio (FUNAI) tiene competencia en la defensa jur\u00eddica y extrajudicial de los derechos de los silv\u00edcolas y comunidades ind\u00edgenas (Art. 35). Los grupos tribales y comunidades ind\u00edgenas son partes leg\u00edtimas de la defensa de sus derechos en juicio, cabi\u00e9ndoles asistencia del Ministerio P\u00fablico Federal y de la FUNAI (Art 37). En casos de condenas penales, ser\u00e1 tolerada la aplicaci\u00f3n de sanciones penales o disciplinarias contra sus miembros a los grupos tribales con sus instituciones propias, siempre que no revistan car\u00e1cter ofensivo, cruel o pena de muerte (Art. 57).<\/p>\n<p>La <em>Constituci\u00f3n Federal Brasilera<\/em> de 1998 establece que los indios, sus comunidades y organizaciones son partes leg\u00edtimas para actuar en juicio en defensa de sus derechos e intereses, interviniendo el ministerio p\u00fablico en todos los actos del proceso (Art. 232).<\/p>\n<p><strong>El Derecho a los Recursos Naturales<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Actualmente sigue vigente el C\u00f3digo Forestal (Ley 4771 de 1965) seg\u00fan el cual las tierras ind\u00edgenas son \u00e1reas de preservaci\u00f3n permanente. De acuerdo a la Medida Provisoria N\u00ba 2.166-67 del 2001, en las tierras ind\u00edgenas, solamente las comunidades ind\u00edgenas pueden realizar el manejo forestal para fines de su subsistencia, de acuerdo a un r\u00e9gimen de manejo forestal sustentable, que es definido como \u201cla administraci\u00f3n de los bosques para obtener beneficios econ\u00f3micos, sociales y ambientales, respetando los mecanismos de sustentaci\u00f3n del ecosistema, y adicional o alternativamente, la utilizaci\u00f3n de m\u00faltiples especies madereras, productos y subproductos no madereros, as\u00ed como la utilizaci\u00f3n de otros bienes y servicios de naturaleza forestal\u201d (Inciso VI del Art. 3 de la ley 11.284 de 2006).<\/p>\n<p>Esta regla es contraria a los derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas a la libre disponibilidad y administraci\u00f3n de sus recursos, limitando el uso de estos a la imposici\u00f3n de un \u201cplan de manejo forestal sustentable\u201d que no necesariamente va a coincidir con los objetivos de desarrollo de cada pueblo ind\u00edgena.<br \/>De acuerdo al C\u00f3digo Forestal (Art. 16), los territorios ind\u00edgenas localizados en el bioma amaz\u00f3nico tienen la obligaci\u00f3n de mantener 80% de cobertura forestal en sus territorios, y el 35% de la cobertura forestal de los territorios ind\u00edgenas localizados en la regi\u00f3n definida como Amazon\u00eda Legal.<br \/>No existe claridad jur\u00eddica sobre la autonom\u00eda de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en el manejo de sus recursos naturales. No obstante, dada la legislaci\u00f3n internacional vigente en Brasil, el Estado no puede otorgar concesiones forestales en tierras ind\u00edgenas, ya que el usufructo de los recursos forestales es exclusivo de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas. El Estado debe respetar y proteger los derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas a la libre determinaci\u00f3n para escoger las opciones de desarrollo que consideren mejores para s\u00ed y sus territorios.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243;][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5&#8243; src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_row et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> El Estatuto del Indio <div class=\"et_pb_row et_pb_row_1 et_pb_row_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> El Estatuto del Indio (1973), ley nacional vigente sobre derechos ind\u00edgenas en Brasil, especifica que los indios y comunidades ind\u00edgenas a\u00fan no integrados son sujetos de un r\u00e9gimen de tutela que le incumbe a la Uni\u00f3n (Art. 7). <div class=\"et_pb_row et_pb_row_2 et_pb_row_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Asimismo, se\u00f1ala que pueden liberarse de ese r\u00e9gimen de tutela, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1513"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3663,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1513\/revisions\/3663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}