{"id":1649,"date":"2019-05-08T16:23:19","date_gmt":"2019-05-08T16:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=1649"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:55:45","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:55:45","slug":"bra_14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/bra_14\/","title":{"rendered":"Suru\u00ed y REDD+"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Los Paiter-Suru\u00ed: un proceso de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado acorde a su sistema de gobernanza ind\u00edgena<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nEn la Amazon\u00eda Brasile\u00f1a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas no poseen una organizaci\u00f3n social centralizada, sino plural. De all\u00ed que uno de los mayores desaf\u00edos actuales es c\u00f3mo llegar a acuerdos consensuados que representen los intereses de todos los sectores de su sociedad, y que den cumplimiento al Derecho a la Consulta y al Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado. Los Paiter-Suru\u00ed desarrollaron recientemente un proceso de Consentimiento que da respuesta a este desaf\u00edo.<\/p>\n

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Informaci\u00f3n General<\/strong>
El Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Paiter-Surui est\u00e1 integrado por 1300 habitantes que integran cuatro clanes: Gameb, Gamir, Kaban y Makor. Este pueblo ha entrado en contacto con la sociedad no ind\u00edgena hace tan solo 40 a\u00f1os.
Su territorio fue delimitado, demarcado y homologado por el gobierno brasile\u00f1o como Tierra Ind\u00edgena Siete de Septiembre en el a\u00f1o 1983 (Decreto N\u00ba 88867) . Tiene una superficie de 247.870 has y se extiende entre los estados de Rondonia y Mato Grosso, en el oeste de Brasil.
Los Paiter-Surui no han cedido a las presiones de las empresas que quisieron deforestar sus bosques, y hasta el a\u00f1o 2008 s\u00f3lo se hab\u00edan desmontado 7.000 has en su territorio.
En este mapa puedes ver la ubicaci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de las aldeas ind\u00edgenas en el territorio, en una clara estrategia para defender su bosque.<\/p>\n

Mapa de Aldeas de la Tierra Ind\u00edgena Siete de Septiembre<\/strong><\/p>\n

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El Proyecto Carbono Surui<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dado el inter\u00e9s en conservar su bosque, en el a\u00f1o 2007 la Asociaci\u00f3n Metareil\u00e1, organizaci\u00f3n representativa del Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Paiter-Surui, comienza a analizar la posibilidad de implementar un Proyecto de Cr\u00e9ditos de Carbono Forestal, que reconozca el valor del bosque y a su vez, les brinde recursos financieros para desarrollar su Plan de Vida en los pr\u00f3ximos 50 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Pero antes de implementar el proyecto, se promovi\u00f3 un innovador proceso de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado, cuya metodolog\u00eda puede ser \u00fatil para otros Pueblos de las Tierras Bajas del continente para cumplir con este derecho.<\/p>\n

El Proceso para lograr el Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado<\/h4>\n

El derecho al Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado se inscribe en normas legales nacionales e internacionales: el Convenio 169 y la Declaraci\u00f3n de Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas.
La metodolog\u00eda del Proceso de Consentimiento para el Proyecto Carbono Surui incluy\u00f3 t\u00e9cnicas interculturales y multidisciplinares para que los Paiter-Surui comprendieran los riesgos y beneficios relacionados a la comercializaci\u00f3n de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono, y a partir de ese conocimiento pudieran manifestarse a favor o en contra del proyecto.
Los ejes del proceso fueron:<\/p>\n

\n

\u2022 la plena participaci\u00f3n de los ind\u00edgenas
\u2022 la pertinencia con el actual sistema de gobernanza interna de los Paiter-Surui: la metodolog\u00eda del proceso de consentimiento respet\u00f3 sus modos de organizaci\u00f3n y gobernanza.
\u2022 y el reconocimiento de la temporalidad propia de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas para la toma de decisiones colectivas: el proceso tuvo una duraci\u00f3n de 2 a\u00f1os, el tiempo necesario para que los Paiter-Surui manifestaran su decisi\u00f3n informada.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

El proceso abarc\u00f3 una serie de reuniones que pueden dividirse en tres etapas:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Primera etapa:<\/strong> reuniones internas de los Surui
En Marzo de 2009 se realiz\u00f3 una Asamblea General del Pueblo Paiter a la que asistieron representantes de las asociaciones ind\u00edgenas, l\u00edderes de los cuatro clanes y representantes tradicionales, los labiway. Como resultado de esta primer asamblea el 95% de los presentes estuvo de acuerdo en continuar con el desarrollo del proceso de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado para el Proyecto Carbono Surui.
Posteriormente se llevaron adelante reuniones y discusiones por clanes y por aldeas, a fines de alcanzar consensos m\u00ednimos para el desarrollo del Proyecto, acorde con la estructura de gobernanza interna vigente.
En Junio de ese mismo a\u00f1o, los cuatro Clanes reunidos en la aldea Lapetanha firmaron un \u201cMemorando de Entendimento entre los Clanes\u201d en el que especificaron su compromiso para el desarrollo del proyecto y los t\u00e9rminos de acuerdo entre clanes.
Un mes despu\u00e9s, los Paiter-Surui convocaron a los miembros de su territorio a una reuni\u00f3n en el Teatro Municipal de la localidad de Cacoal para tratar asuntos de inter\u00e9s general entre los cuales se incluy\u00f3 el Proyecto Carbono Surui.<\/p>\n

Segunda etapa:<\/strong> reuniones entre l\u00edderes ind\u00edgenas y otras instituciones participantes del Proyecto<\/p>\n

En abril de 2009 la Asociaci\u00f3n Metareil\u00e1, organizaci\u00f3n representativa del Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Paiter-Surui, convoc\u00f3 a una reuni\u00f3n de los jefes de clanes (l\u00edderes ind\u00edgenas tradicionales) y representantes de asociaciones locales (l\u00edderes \u2018modernos\u2019), junto a representantes de todas las instituciones no-ind\u00edgenas involucradas en el dise\u00f1o del Proyecto Surui:<\/p>\n

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\n\u2022 Forest Trends
\u2022 Instituto de Conservaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Amazon\u00eda (IDESAM)
\u2022 Equipo de Conservaci\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda (ACT Brasil)
\u2022 Asociaci\u00f3n de Defensa Etnoambiental Kanind\u00e9
\u2022 Fundaci\u00f3n Brasilera para la Biodiversidad (FUNBIO)
\u2022 Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional del Indio (FUNAI).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/images\/stories\/BRASIL\/segunda%20etapa.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

\nFoto: Thiago \u00c1vila y ACT Brasil<\/p>\n

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Los ind\u00edgenas expresaron sus dudas sobre algunos puntos del proyecto que requer\u00edan mayor explicaci\u00f3n y sobre los beneficios y riesgos de un proyecto de carbono. Las instituciones plantearon los beneficios y riesgos de la comercializaci\u00f3n de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono, y explicaron que para implementar el Proyecto se deber\u00eda trabajar en el ordenamiento territorial y en un plan de uso de los recursos naturales. Asimismo, destacaron que se realizar\u00eda un monitoreo minucioso de las metas establecidas por el proyecto.
En Junio de 2009 la Asociaci\u00f3n Metareil\u00e1 realiz\u00f3 tres reuniones con coordinadores de asociaciones ind\u00edgenas y miembros de la comunidad, en las que se actualiz\u00f3 informaci\u00f3n sobre los estudios y relevamientos que se estaban desarrollando para producir el Documento del Proyecto.<\/p>\n

Tercera etapa: trabajos de campo, visitas y reuniones comunitarias en las aldeas Paiter-Surui<\/strong>
En la tercer etapa se realizaron 10 reuniones comunitarias participativas, con el objeto de presentar el Proyecto a los miembros de comunidades del pueblo ind\u00edgena, aclarar las dudas existentes en algunas personas, y escuchar sus propuestas para incorporarlas al proyecto. Participaron miembros de 14 aldeas (61% de las aldeas del territorio).<\/p>\n

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\nFoto: Thiago \u00c1vila y ACT Brasil<\/p>\n

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\nComo resultado de este proceso de dos a\u00f1os de discusi\u00f3n y reflexi\u00f3n, los Paiter-Surui tomaron la decisi\u00f3n de implementar el Proyecto Carbono Suru\u00ed. Su ejemplo demuestra que los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas son capaces de participar activamente desde el planeamiento de los proyectos, y pueden ejercer su derecho a planificar y decidir el camino de desarrollo de sus comunidades.<\/p>\n

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Asegurando las bases legales para el primer proyecto REDD+ en territorio ind\u00edgena<\/h4>\n

El Proyecto Carbono Surui es el primer proyecto REDD+ en un territorio ind\u00edgena del mundo. Es por ello que en Brasil, la organizaci\u00f3n aliada Forest Trends solicit\u00f3 a la firma de abogados Baker & McKenzie, su opini\u00f3n legal acerca de la posibilidad de que la Constituci\u00f3n y las leyes Brasile\u00f1as permitieran al Pueblo Ind\u00edgena Suru\u00ed realizar acuerdos de Reducci\u00f3n de Emisiones por la Deforestaci\u00f3n y Degradaci\u00f3n de bosques, conocida por sus siglas como REDD. Los abogados se\u00f1alaron que el Pueblo Pater-Surui es propietario de los derechos a la comercializaci\u00f3n del carbono, y que tambi\u00e9n tienen derecho a utilizar los beneficios econ\u00f3micos de los mencionados acuerdos, para la protecci\u00f3n de sus territorios y sus bosques, a la vez que tendr\u00e1n un rol protag\u00f3nico en la mitigaci\u00f3n del cambio clim\u00e1tico. Este derecho tambi\u00e9n es extensivo a otros pueblos ind\u00edgenas de Brasil.<\/p>\n

El Monitoreo del territorio con la tecnolog\u00eda de Google<\/h4>\n

Para el monitoreo y defensa del territorio, los Pater-Surui utilizan la tecnolog\u00eda de Google. A trav\u00e9s de equipos de GPS, celulares y computadoras, los ind\u00edgenas monitorean y registran especies animales y vegetales. Esta informaci\u00f3n es cargada en una Plataforma digital especialmente desarrollada por Google, en el que se completa un mapa territorial con informaci\u00f3n social, ambiental, cultural e hist\u00f3rica del Pueblo Surui. Con esta misma tecnolog\u00eda se rastrea la presencia de madereros, cazadores y pescadores ilegales que invaden el territorio, informaci\u00f3n que es suministrada a la Polic\u00eda Federal y a la Fundaci\u00f3n Nacional del Indio (FUNAI) para la defensa del territorio.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ quote_icon_background_color=\u00bb#f5f5f5″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Fuentes de Informaci\u00f3n<\/strong>
Thiago \u00c1vila (2010). Consentimento Livre, Pr\u00e9vio e Informado Projeto Surui Carbono<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Equipe de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia – ACT Brasil | Amazon. ACT Brasil Edi\u00e7\u00f5es 2010.<\/p>\n

Jacob Olander, Beto Borges y Almir Narayamoga Suru\u00ed (2010). Projeto Suru\u00ed: promovendo a capacita\u00e7\u00e3o dos \u2018povos ind\u00edgenas\u2019 para um acordo informado sobre o \u00acnanciamento de REDD. En: Desmatamento evitado (REDD) e povos ind\u00edgenas<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Experi\u00eancias, desa\u00acos e oportunidades no contexto amaz\u00f4nico. Forest Trends. P\u00e1g. 111 a 127.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_testimonial][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Los Paiter-Suru\u00ed: un proceso de Consentimiento Libre, Previo e Informado acorde a su sistema de gobernanza ind\u00edgena
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> En la Amazon\u00eda Brasile\u00f1a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas no poseen una organizaci\u00f3n social centralizada, sino plural. De all\u00ed que uno de los mayores desaf\u00edos actuales es c\u00f3mo llegar a acuerdos consensuados que representen los intereses de todos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1649"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1649"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1649\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3756,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1649\/revisions\/3756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1649"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1649"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1649"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}