{"id":1785,"date":"2019-05-08T21:12:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-08T21:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:56:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:56:35","slug":"por_14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/por_14\/","title":{"rendered":"Surui e REDD+"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Os Paiter Suru\u00ed-: Um processo de consentimento livre, pr\u00e9vio e informado de acordo com seu sistema de governan\u00e7a ind\u00edgena<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

\nOs povos ind\u00edgenas da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira n\u00e3o tem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o social centralizada, mas plural. Assim, um dos maiores desafios atuais \u00e9 como chegar a acordos consensuais que representem os interesses de todos os setores de sua sociedade e que cumpram com o direito \u00e0 consulta livre, pr\u00e9via e informada. Os Paiter Suru\u00ed desenvolveram recentemente um processo de consentimento que responde a este desafio.<\/p>\n

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Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geral<\/strong>
O povo Ind\u00edgena Paiter-Suru\u00ed \u00e9 composto por 1300 pessoas, compreendendo quatro cl\u00e3s: Gameb, Gamir, Kaban e Makor. Este povo entrou em contato com a sociedade n\u00e3o ind\u00edgena somente a 40 anos.
Seu territ\u00f3rio foi delimitado, demarcado e homologado pelo governo brasileiro como Terra Ind\u00edgena Sete de Setembro, no ano de 1983 (Decreto n\u00ba 88.867) . Possui uma superf\u00edcie de 247,870 hectares e se estende entre os estados de Rond\u00f4nia e Mato Grosso, a oeste do Brasil.
Os Paiter – Suru\u00ed n\u00e3o cederam \u00e0s press\u00f5es das empresas que queriam desmatar as suas florestas e at\u00e9 2008, apenas 7.000 hectares de seu territ\u00f3rio havia sido desmatado.
Neste mapa voc\u00ea pode ver a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica das aldeias ind\u00edgenas no territ\u00f3rio, em uma estrat\u00e9gia clara para defender sua floresta.<\/p>\n

Mapa de Aldeias da Terra Ind\u00edgena Sete de Setembro<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Fonte: Jacob Olander, Almir Borges e Beto Narayamoga Suru\u00ed (2010).<\/p>\n

O Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dado o interesse em preservar sua floresta, no ano de 2007, a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Metareil\u00e1, organiza\u00e7\u00e3o representativa do povo ind\u00edgena Paiter-Suru\u00ed, come\u00e7a a analisar a possibilidade de implementar um Projeto de Cr\u00e9dito de Carbono Florestal, que reconhe\u00e7a o valor da floresta e ao mesmo tempo proporcione recursos financeiros para desenvolver o seu Plano de Vida para os pr\u00f3ximos 50 anos.<\/p>\n

Antes de implementar o projeto, promoveu-se um processo inovador de consentimento livre, pr\u00e9vio e informado, cuja metodologia pode ser \u00fatil para outros povos das terras baixas do continente para garantir este direito.<\/p>\n

O processo para alcan\u00e7ar o Consentimento Livre, Pr\u00e9vio e Informado<\/strong><\/h4>\n

O direito ao consentimento livre, pr\u00e9vio e informado est\u00e1 incluso nas normas legais nacionais e internacionais: a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o 169 e a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre os Direitos dos Povos Ind\u00edgenas.
A metodologia do processo de consentimento para o Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed incluiu t\u00e9cnicas interculturais e multidisciplinares para que os Paiter Suru\u00ed, compreendessem os riscos e benef\u00edcios relacionados \u00e0 comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono, e a partir desse conhecimento pudessem manifestar-se a favor ou contra o projeto.
Os eixos do processo foram:<\/p>\n

\n

\u2022 a plena participa\u00e7\u00e3o dos ind\u00edgenas
\u2022 a pertin\u00eancia com o atual sistema de governan\u00e7a interna dos dos Paiter-Surui: a metodologia do processo de consentimento respeitou seus modos de organiza\u00e7\u00e3o e governan\u00e7a.
\u2022 e o reconhecimento da temporalidade pr\u00f3pria dos povos ind\u00edgenas para a tomada de decis\u00e3o coletiva: o processo durou 2 anos, o tempo necess\u00e1rio para que Paiter-Suru\u00ed manifestassem a sua decis\u00e3o informada.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

O processo envolveu uma s\u00e9rie de reuni\u00f5es que foram divididas em tr\u00eas etapas:<\/p>\n

Primeira etapa: reuni\u00f5es internas dos Suru\u00ed<\/strong>
Em mar\u00e7o de 2009, foi realizada uma Assembleia Geral do povo Paiter com a participa\u00e7\u00e3o de representantes das associa\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas, l\u00edderes dos quatro cl\u00e3s e representantes tradicionais, os labiway. Como resultado desta primeira assembleia 95% dos presentes concordaram em continuar o processo de desenvolvimento do processo de Consentimento livre, pr\u00e9vio e informado para o Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed.
Posteriormente foram realizadas reuni\u00f5es e discuss\u00f5es por cl\u00e3s e por aldeias, com o objetivo de chegar a um consenso m\u00ednimo para o desenvolvimento do projeto, de acordo com a estrutura de governan\u00e7a interna vigente.
Em junho do mesmo ano, os quatro cl\u00e3s se reuniram na aldeia Lapetanha e assinaram um \u00abMemorando de Entendimento entre os cl\u00e3s\u00bb onde especificaram o seu compromisso com o desenvolvimento do projeto e os termos do acordo entre os cl\u00e3s.
Um m\u00eas depois, os Paiter-Suru\u00ed convocaram os membros do seu territ\u00f3rio para uma reuni\u00e3o no Teatro Municipal na cidade de Cacoal para tratar assuntos de interesse geral, entre os quais se inclu\u00eda o Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Segunda etapa: reuni\u00f5es entre lideran\u00e7as ind\u00edgenas e outras institui\u00e7\u00f5es participantes do Projeto<\/strong><\/p>\n

Em abril de 2009, a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Metareil\u00e1, organiza\u00e7\u00e3o representativa do povo ind\u00edgena Paiter-Suru\u00ed, convocou uma reuni\u00e3o de chefes de cl\u00e3s (lideres ind\u00edgenas tradicionais) e representantes das associa\u00e7\u00f5es locais (l\u00edderes \u00abmodernos\u00bb), juntamente com representantes de todas as institui\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o-ind\u00edgenas envolvidas no desenho do Projeto Suru\u00ed:<\/p>\n

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\n\u2022 Forest Trends
\u2022 Instituto de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel da Amaz\u00f4nia (IDESAM)
\u2022 Equipe de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia (ACT Brasil)
\u2022 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Defesa Etnoambiental Kanind\u00e9
\u2022 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira para a Biodiversidade (FUNBIO)
\u2022 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do \u00cdndio (FUNAI).<\/p>\n

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\nFoto: Thiago \u00c1vila e ACT Brasil<\/p>\n

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Os ind\u00edgenas expressaram suas d\u00favidas sobre alguns pontos do projeto que requeria mais explica\u00e7\u00e3o e sobre os benef\u00edcios e os riscos de um projeto de carbono. As institui\u00e7\u00f5es expuseram os benef\u00edcios e riscos da comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono e explicaram que para implementar o Projeto se deveria trabalhar no ordenamento territorial e em um plano de uso dos recursos naturais. Tamb\u00e9m ressaltaram que haveria um monitoramento minucioso das metas estabelecidas pelo projeto.
Em junho de 2009 a Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Metareil\u00e1 realizou tr\u00eas reuni\u00f5es de coordenadores de associa\u00e7\u00f5es ind\u00edgenas e membros da comunidade, nas quais atualizou as informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre os estudos e pesquisas que estavam sendo desenvolvidas para produzir o documento do Projeto.<\/p>\n

Terceira etapa: trabalho de campo, visitas e reuni\u00f5es comunit\u00e1rias nas aldeias Paiter-Suru\u00ed<\/strong>
Na terceira fase realizou-se 10 reuni\u00f5es comunit\u00e1rias participativas, com o objetivo de apresentar o projeto aos membros das comunidades do povo ind\u00edgena, esclarecer as d\u00favidas existentes de algumas pessoas e ouvir suas propostas para incorpor\u00e1-las no projeto. Participaram membros de 14 aldeias (61% das aldeias do territ\u00f3rio).<\/p>\n

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\nFoto: Thiago \u00c1vila y ACT Brasil<\/p>\n

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\nComo resultado deste processo de dois anos de discuss\u00e3o e reflex\u00e3o, os Paiter-Suru\u00ed, tomaram a decis\u00e3o de implementar o Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed. Seu exemplo demonstra que os povos ind\u00edgenas s\u00e3o capazes de participar ativamente desde o planejamento dos projetos, e podem exercer o seu direito de planificar e decidir o curso do desenvolvimento de suas comunidades.<\/p>\n

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Assegurando as bases legais para o primeiro projeto REDD+ no territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena<\/strong><\/h4>\n

O Projeto Carbono Suru\u00ed \u00e9 o primeiro projeto REDD+ em um territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena no mundo. \u00c9 por isso que no Brasil, a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o parceira Forest Trends pediu ao escrit\u00f3rio de advocacia Baker & McKenzie, o seu parecer legal sobre a possibilidade de que a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o e as leis brasileiras permitissem ao povo ind\u00edgena Suru\u00ed fazer acordos de Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de Emiss\u00f5es por Desmatamento e Degrada\u00e7\u00e3o de florestas, conhecido pela sigla REDD. Os advogados disseram que o povo Paiter-Suru\u00ed det\u00e9m o direito de comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de carbono, e que tamb\u00e9m t\u00eam o direito de utilizar os benef\u00edcios econ\u00f4micos desses acordos para prote\u00e7\u00e3o de seus territ\u00f3rios e suas florestas, uma vez que ter\u00e3o um papel protagonista na mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o da mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica. Este direito tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 extensivo a outros povos ind\u00edgenas do Brasil.<\/p>\n

Monitoramento do territ\u00f3rio com a tecnologia da Google<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Para o monitoramento e defesa do territ\u00f3rio, os Paiter-Suru\u00ed utilizam a tecnologia da Google. Usando equipamentos de GPS, celulares e computadores, os ind\u00edgenas monitoram e registram esp\u00e9cies animais e vegetais. Esta informa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 carregada em uma plataforma digital especialmente desenvolvida pela Google, no que completa um mapa territorial com informa\u00e7\u00e3o social, ambiental, cultural e hist\u00f3rica do Povo Suru\u00ed. Com essa mesma tecnologia se rastreia a presen\u00e7a de madeireiros, ca\u00e7adores e pescadores que invadem o territ\u00f3rio, informa\u00e7\u00e3o que \u00e9 fornecida \u00e0 Pol\u00edcia Federal e \u00e0 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional do \u00cdndio (FUNAI) para a defesa do territ\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

No ano de 2008, os Paiter-Suru\u00ed desenvolveram o seu Plano de Vida, publicado em portugu\u00eas como Plano de Gest\u00e3o Etnoambiental da Terra Ind\u00edgena Sete de Setembro. Para l\u00ea-lo clique Aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ quote_icon_background_color=\u00bb#f5f5f5″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Fontes de Informaci\u00f3n<\/strong>
Thiago \u00c1vila (2010). Consentimento Livre, Pr\u00e9vio e Informado Projeto Surui Carbono<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Equipe de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia – ACT Brasil | Amazon. ACT Brasil Edi\u00e7\u00f5es 2010.<\/p>\n

Jacob Olander, Beto Borges y Almir Narayamoga Suru\u00ed (2010). Projeto Suru\u00ed: promovendo a capacita\u00e7\u00e3o dos \u2018povos ind\u00edgenas\u2019 para um acordo informado sobre o \u00acnanciamento de REDD. En: Desmatamento evitado (REDD) e povos ind\u00edgenas<\/strong><\/em><\/a>. Experi\u00eancias, desa\u00acos e oportunidades no contexto amaz\u00f4nico. Forest Trends. P\u00e1g. 111 a 127.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Os Paiter Suru\u00ed-: Um processo de consentimento livre, pr\u00e9vio e informado de acordo com seu sistema de governan\u00e7a ind\u00edgena
\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Os povos ind\u00edgenas da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira n\u00e3o tem uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o social centralizada, mas plural. Assim, um dos maiores desafios atuais \u00e9 como chegar a acordos consensuais que representem os interesses de todos os setores […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3745,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1785\/revisions\/3745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}