{"id":1803,"date":"2019-05-18T13:04:07","date_gmt":"2019-05-18T16:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=1803"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:55:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:55:39","slug":"col_02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/col_02\/","title":{"rendered":"Contexto Hist\u00f3rico"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00bb1″ inner_width=\u00bbauto\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

En 1959 la Amazon\u00eda se cre\u00eda deshabitada y fue declarada Reserva Natural. El Estado otorg\u00f3 t\u00edtulos a colonos, campesinos e incluso a ind\u00edgenas desplazados por la violencia en las tierras altas. Posteriormente, con la Reforma Agraria de 1961 se reconoci\u00f3 la necesidad de titular los territorios ind\u00edgenas y de validar los t\u00edtulos coloniales que la corona espa\u00f1ola hab\u00eda otorgado a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en calidad de resguardos (Betancur, 2009).<\/p>\n

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En la Amazon\u00eda, los primeros resguardos titulados fueron los de Vaup\u00e9s en 1982 (3.375.125 has), y los de Vichada en los a\u00f1os 1986-87 (194.517 has), ambos en el departamento Amazonas. Entre 1986 y 1990, durante el gobierno de Virgilio Barco se titularon 13.000.000 has adicionales como resguardos ind\u00edgenas en los departamentos Amazonas y Guain\u00eda, alcanzando de esta manera a constituir un territorio ind\u00edgena continuo de 20 millones de has, superficie que representa la mitad de la Amazon\u00eda colombiana.<\/p>\n

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La Constituci\u00f3n de 1991 profundiz\u00f3 legalmente los derechos ind\u00edgenas, y estableci\u00f3 la figura de Entidades Territoriales Ind\u00edgenas (ETIs)<\/strong> como unidades pol\u00edtico administrativas comparables a un municipio. Pero estos derechos no se han implementado. La figura administrativa de los resguardos coloniales se cambi\u00f3 de Comisar\u00edas a Departamentos: fue el caso de Vaup\u00e9s, Guain\u00eda y Amazonas<\/strong>. Pero no se constituyeron ETIs ni municipios al interior de \u00e9stos. Sino que se crearon entidades p\u00fablicas territoriales con personer\u00eda jur\u00eddica, conocidas como Asociaciones de Autoridades Tradicionales Ind\u00edgenas (AATIs).<\/strong>
La autonom\u00eda de estos departamentos es relativa. En Guain\u00eda y Vaup\u00e9s el 95% de la poblaci\u00f3n es ind\u00edgena, pero son gobernados por el 5% no-ind\u00edgena. Por otra parte, en la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, se han restringido en la pr\u00e1ctica los derechos territoriales y al aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales no renovables, a los que el Estado ha puesto en manos de colonos y megaempresas.<\/p>\n

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Por otra parte, la guerrilla ha obligado a muchos ind\u00edgenas a vender sus territorios contra su voluntad y se han construido bases militares cercanas o incluso en territorios ind\u00edgenas. De esta forma, el conflicto armado y los procesos de colonizaci\u00f3n y concentraci\u00f3n de las tierras que a\u00fan contin\u00faan, ponen en riesgo el control de los territorios y la autonom\u00eda en los resguardos.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> En 1959 la Amazon\u00eda se cre\u00eda deshabitada y fue declarada Reserva Natural. El Estado otorg\u00f3 t\u00edtulos a colonos, campesinos e incluso a ind\u00edgenas desplazados por la violencia en las tierras altas. Posteriormente, con la Reforma Agraria de 1961 se reconoci\u00f3 la necesidad de titular los territorios ind\u00edgenas y de validar los t\u00edtulos coloniales que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1803"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1803"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3658,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1803\/revisions\/3658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}