{"id":2051,"date":"2019-05-10T14:39:06","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T14:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=2051"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:56:34","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:56:34","slug":"ecu_04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/ecu_04\/","title":{"rendered":"Tierra y Territorio"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00bb1″ inner_width=\u00bbauto\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

En esta secci\u00f3n se presentan los art\u00edculos de la Nueva Constituci\u00f3n Nacional del Ecuador<\/strong> (2008) referidos a Territorio Ind\u00edgena.<\/p>\n

El proceso constituyente celebrado entre noviembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008, atraves\u00f3 resistencias y oposiciones a las demandas del movimiento ind\u00edgena encabezado por la Confederaci\u00f3n de Nacionalidades Ind\u00edgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE). Si bien puede decirse que se impusieron cambios que garantizaban una m\u00ednima modificaci\u00f3n a la estructura pol\u00edtico-administrativa a nivel nacional; es destacable el hecho de que se haya aprobado un Cap\u00edtulo espec\u00edfico sobre Derechos de las Comunidades, Pueblos y Nacionalidades<\/strong>. En ese cap\u00edtulo se reconocen los siguientes derechos colectivos relacionados al territorio:<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttp:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/images\/stories\/vinetas\/003.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Derecho a los Recursos Naturales Renovables:<\/strong> A participar en el uso, usufructo, administraci\u00f3n y conservaci\u00f3n de los recursos naturales renovables de sus tierras; conservar y promover sus pr\u00e1cticas de manejo de la biodiversidad y de su entorno natural; y mantener los conocimientos colectivos y recursos gen\u00e9ticos (medicinas, plantas, animales, minerales y ecosistemas); quedando prohibida toda forma de apropiaci\u00f3n de esos conocimientos, innovaciones y pr\u00e1cticas (Art. 57 incisos 6, 8, 12).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Derecho a la Consulta respecto a Recursos No Renovables:<\/strong> Los recursos no renovables y productos del subsuelo en general, yacimientos minerales y de hidrocarburos, se consideran propiedad del Estado, que participa de su aprovechamiento en un monto no menor al de la empresa que los explota (Art. 408). Sin embargo, las Nacionalidades tienen derecho a la consulta previa, libre e informada, y oportuna, sobre planes y programas de prospecci\u00f3n, explotaci\u00f3n y comercializaci\u00f3n de recursos no renovables en sus tierras, que puedan afectarles ambiental o culturalmente; a participar en los beneficios que esos proyectos reporten y a recibir indemnizaciones por los perjuicios sociales, culturales y ambientales que les causen.
La consulta debe ser realizada por autoridades competentes, y es obligatoria. Si no se obtuviese el consentimiento de la comunidad consultada, se procede conforme a la Constituci\u00f3n y la ley (Art. 57. inciso 7).<\/p>\n

La disposici\u00f3n legal que regula la consulta previa es el Decreto Ejecutivo 1040 del 22 de abril de 2008, publicado en el Registro Oficial No. 322 el 8 de mayo de 2008. Este contiene el Reglamento de participaci\u00f3n social previsto en los art\u00edculos 28 y 29 de la Ley de Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental.<\/p>\n

Cabe comentar que la constituci\u00f3n no reconoce el Derecho de las comunidades al Consentimiento libre, previo e informado. Sin embargo, tienen rango constitucional el Convenio 169 y la Declaraci\u00f3n de Naciones Unidas sobre Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas. Ambos instrumentos incluyen el Derecho al Consentimiento, y por lo tanto, se puede concluir que en Ecuador, ese derecho tiene vigencia y rige para todas las Nacionalidades del Ecuador.<\/p>\n

\n

\u2022 Derecho al Territorio de los Pueblos en Aislamiento Voluntario:<\/strong> son de posesi\u00f3n ancestral irreductible e intangible, y en ellos est\u00e1 vedada toda actividad extractiva (Art 57).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Derecho a constituir Circunscripciones territoriales Ind\u00edgenas (CTIs):<\/strong> en el marco de la organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtico administrativa podr\u00e1n conformarse CTIs que ejercer\u00e1n las competencias del gobierno territorial aut\u00f3nomo correspondiente, y se regir\u00e1n por principios de interculturalidad, plurinacionalidad y de acuerdo con los derechos colectivos. Las parroquias, cantones o provincias conformados mayoritariamente por Nacionalidades ind\u00edgenas podr\u00e1n adoptar este r\u00e9gimen de administraci\u00f3n especial, luego de una consulta aprobada por al menos las dos terceras partes de los votos v\u00e1lidos. Dos o m\u00e1s circunscripciones administradas por gobiernos territoriales ind\u00edgenas o pluriculturales podr\u00e1n integrarse y conformar una nueva circunscripci\u00f3n. La ley establecer\u00e1 las normas de conformaci\u00f3n, funcionamiento y competencias de estas circunscripciones (Art. 257).
La ley regular\u00e1 su conformaci\u00f3n, y se reconoce a las comunas que tienen propiedad colectiva de la tierra, como una forma ancestral de organizaci\u00f3n territorial (Art. 60).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Estos reg\u00edmenes especiales pueden constituirse por razones de conservaci\u00f3n ambiental, \u00e9tnico-culturales o de poblaci\u00f3n (Art. 242).<\/p>\n

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\nEl territorio de las provincias amaz\u00f3nicas constituye una circunscripci\u00f3n territorial especial, por ser parte de un ecosistema necesario para el equilibrio ambiental del planeta. Para \u00e9sta, existir\u00e1 una planificaci\u00f3n integral recogida en una ley que incluir\u00e1 aspectos sociales, econ\u00f3micos, ambientales y culturales, con un ordenamiento territorial que garantice la conservaci\u00f3n y protecci\u00f3n de sus ecosistemas y el principio del sumak kawsay (Art. 250).<\/p>\n

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Otros Derechos relacionados al Territorio Ind\u00edgena<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Para garantizar la conservaci\u00f3n de la biodiversidad<\/strong> se establece el Sistema Nacional de \u00c1reas Protegidas, en el que el Estado es rector y regulador, y fomenta la participaci\u00f3n de las Nacionalidades ind\u00edgenas en la administraci\u00f3n y gesti\u00f3n de sus \u00e1reas ancestrales. Las personas extranjeras no pueden adquirir t\u00edtulos de tierras en \u00e1reas protegidas (Art. 405). En las \u00e1reas protegidas est\u00e1n prohibidas las actividades extractivas de recursos no renovables; a excepci\u00f3n de petici\u00f3n fundada de la presidencia, y previa declaratoria de inter\u00e9s nacional por parte de la Asamblea Nacional, que, de estimarlo conveniente, podr\u00e1 convocar a consulta popular (Art. 407).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Todos los ecuatorianos tienen derecho a vivir en un ambiente sano y ecol\u00f3gicamente<\/strong> equilibrado, que garantice la sostenibilidad y el buen vivir o sumak kawsay<\/strong> (Art 14).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> En esta secci\u00f3n se presentan los art\u00edculos de la Nueva Constituci\u00f3n Nacional del Ecuador (2008) referidos a Territorio Ind\u00edgena.El proceso constituyente celebrado entre noviembre de 2007 y agosto de 2008, atraves\u00f3 resistencias y oposiciones a las demandas del movimiento ind\u00edgena encabezado por la Confederaci\u00f3n de Nacionalidades Ind\u00edgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE). Si bien puede decirse […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2051"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3729,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2051\/revisions\/3729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}