{"id":2243,"date":"2019-05-10T22:51:31","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T22:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=2243"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:55:43","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:55:43","slug":"ecu_14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/ecu_14\/","title":{"rendered":"Kichwas de Pastaza: La Construcci\u00f3n de una Propuesta de Gobierno Aut\u00f3nomo"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00bb1″ inner_width=\u00bbauto\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

En la Provincia de Pastaza, los Kichwas tienen titulado un territorio de 1.624.778 has. All\u00ed desarrollan su Propuesta Pol\u00edtica de Territorio Aut\u00f3nomo, que tiene como uno de sus ejes principales las Formas propias de Gobernanza: autoridades ind\u00edgenas, instituciones y leyes propias.<\/p>\n

Informaci\u00f3n General<\/strong>
El Pueblo Kichwa de Pastaza est\u00e1 conformado por 25.000 personas que habitan el centro sur de esa provincia, a lo largo de los r\u00edos Arajuno, Curaray, Bobonaza, Pindo, Anzu y Puyo; y en zonas urbanas; agrupados en 131 comunidades que se organizan en 17 asociaciones.<\/p>\n

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\nSu territorio es de 1.624.778 has y fue titulado en 1992. Limita al norte con el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed, al sur y este con Per\u00fa y al oeste con otras comunidades. <\/p>\n

El territorio tradicional alcanza a m\u00e1s de 2 millones de has, por lo cual demandan 650.139 has adicionales que se encuentran bajo control de las Fuerzas Armadas y 355.680 has del Parque Yasun\u00ed. La propiedad del territorio es colectiva, y se considera un espacio vital hist\u00f3ricamente construido, donde conviven ancestros, generaciones presentes y futuras.<\/p>\n

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\nFuente: Confederacion de nacionalidades indigenas del ecuador (CONAIE).<\/p>\n

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La Propuesta Pol\u00edtica de Territorio Aut\u00f3nomo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Actualmente, uno de los principales objetivos de las organizaciones Kichwa de Pastaza es consolidar las Circunscripciones Territoriales Ind\u00edgenas, mediante la construcci\u00f3n de una Propuesta Pol\u00edtica de Territorio Aut\u00f3nomo, entendiendo la Autonom\u00eda como la potestad de un pueblo para asumir la conducci\u00f3n de su propio destino, basado en un territorio con sus propias formas y pol\u00edticas de organizaci\u00f3n social, econ\u00f3mica, cultural, ambiental, tecnol\u00f3gica y de recursos humanos, para lograr la vigencia del Sumak Causay, el Sumak Allpa y el Sumak Yachay.<\/em><\/p>\n

La propuesta de Gobernanza tiene cuatro ejes fundamentales:<\/p>\n

A) Gesti\u00f3n, administraci\u00f3n y control de Territorios y Recursos Naturales<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Para los Kichwa, el control significa que las familias de una comunidad en particular y del Pueblo Kichwa en general puedan decidir sobre un territorio y el manejo aut\u00f3nomo de sus recursos, ejerciendo sus propios sistemas econ\u00f3micos, sociales y culturales.<\/p>\n

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\nEl principio de Sumak Allpa o tierra sin mal, significa que el territorio est\u00e1 conformado por los bosques (cuya fertilidad es protegida por la diosa Nungulli); la flora y la fauna (protegidas por Amazanga que ense\u00f1a a los hombres a cazar sin sobreexplotar); y los r\u00edos y lagunas (protegidos por Uwaf). En base a esta concepci\u00f3n, las comunidades se organizan en dos grandes Zonas Ecol\u00f3gicas: Sacha (bosque de pantanos y colinas); y Yacu (zona de r\u00edos y lagunas).<\/p>\n

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B) Fortalecimiento del Sistema Econ\u00f3mico Ancestral<\/strong><\/h4>\n

En el sistema econ\u00f3mico ancestral, en cada ayllu, los hombres se dedican a la caza y la pesca en bosques y r\u00edos; mientras que las mujeres cultivan en tres sistemas:
Las chacras (donde siembran gran variedad de especies de cultivo anual);
El ushun (donde siembran yuca y frutales que dan cosecha durante 30 a\u00f1os, combinadas con especies como caoba y cedro utilizadas para la construcci\u00f3n de canoas y viviendas); y
El purun (etapa de la chacra que a los 5 o 6 a\u00f1os, en combinaci\u00f3n con el avance del bosque, se convierte en un espacio de abundantes especies alimentarias, medicinales, maderables y artesanales) adonde mujeres y ni\u00f1os recolectan alimentos, medicinas, resinas y l\u00e1tex.
Este proceso de Chacra, ushun y purun, a lo largo de 100 a\u00f1os se transforma en Sacha o bosque primario.<\/p>\n

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\nTambi\u00e9n existen zonas comunes conocidas como Purinas, hacia donde las familias se desplazan en temporada de caza, pesca y recolecci\u00f3n, y donde intercambian bienes y servicios. Estas Purinas funcionan como estrategia de control territorial, dado que se establecen en los l\u00edmites de las comunidades, y el intercambio fortalece la organizaci\u00f3n social y la forma colectiva de posesi\u00f3n del territorio. <\/p>\n

Durante las estad\u00edas en las Purinas, los ancianos educan a los ni\u00f1os en el Sumak Yachay, principio que comprende todos los conocimientos y t\u00e9cnicas heredadas de sus ancestros, que permiten el manejo sostenible de los recursos del bosque y los r\u00edos.<\/p>\n

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Foto: Gentileza de Germ\u00e1n L\u00f3pez Iborra.<\/p>\n

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C) Construcci\u00f3n de una nueva forma de Organizaci\u00f3n Social<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Los Kichwa se plantean una nueva organizaci\u00f3n social basada en el fortalecimiento de los lazos familiares en el Ayllu (familia extensa) a trav\u00e9s del cual las personas tienen derecho a cazar, pescar, recolectar y cultivar en el territorio comunitario; as\u00ed como el fortalecimiento de las relaciones entre familias y comunidades, bajo el principio del Sumak Causay o \u201cVida en Armon\u00eda\u201d que plantea un progreso con equidad basado en los valores de reciprocidad y solidaridad.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C) Formas propias de Gobernanza<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Autoridades Propias<\/strong>
Ancestralmente la m\u00e1xima autoridad de un Ayllu era el Yachac o shaman. Actualmente, mantienen su rol en la conservaci\u00f3n del equilibrio de los ecosistemas y recursos naturales, y en la armonizaci\u00f3n de la vida social. Sin embargo, la autoridad del Ayllu es el Curaca, un hombre mayor reconocido por su sabidur\u00eda y buenas relaciones sociales, cuyos conocimientos ancestrales y vivencias lo convierten en la persona id\u00f3nea para dirigir las actividades cotidianas de su ayllu.<\/p>\n

Instituciones y Leyes Propias<\/strong>
Los Kichwa de Pastaza plantean sus propias instituciones, leyes y normas, para reducir la necesidad de apoyo externo, organizarse y ejercer sus derechos. La Estructura propuesta del Gobierno Aut\u00f3nomo contiene las siguientes instituciones:<\/p>\n

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Instituciones<\/th>\n

<\/p>\n

Funciones<\/th>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Congreso de Delegados de las Comunidades<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

Definir pol\u00edticas y estrategias.<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Consejo de Gobierno de la CTI<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

Planificar a mediano y largo plazo.<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Parlamento Kichwa<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

Organizar consultas y definir pol\u00edticas.<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Asamblea de las Comunidades de la CTI<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

Definir y aprobar el presupuesto anual..<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Organismo de Control<\/td>\n

<\/p>\n

Evaluar y controlar el cumplimiento de la Ley, Planes y Proyectos. Establecer Sanciones.<\/td>\n

<\/tr>\n

<\/tbody>\n

<\/table>\n

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Competencias<\/strong>
Las responsabilidades demandadas por el gobierno ind\u00edgena abarcan cinco grandes \u00e1reas:<\/p>\n

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\nPara ello, solicitan que el Estado les transfiera las competencias de los gobiernos municipales (ejecuci\u00f3n de obras p\u00fablicas, transporte y comunicaci\u00f3n, educaci\u00f3n, salud, etc); y los recursos econ\u00f3micos para desarrollarlas. Asimismo, planean el manejo de sus recursos naturales mediante inversiones locales, nacionales e internacionales, que produzcan beneficio mutuo; y la definici\u00f3n de tributos e impuestos locales, como fuentes adicionales de financiamiento.
\nEn cuanto a la relaci\u00f3n del Gobierno Ind\u00edgena con agentes externos, los Kichwas de Pastaza establecer\u00e1n convenios de cooperaci\u00f3n con organismos no gubernamentales, gubernamentales, gobiernos locales, intergubernamentales y privados, para canalizar recursos externos que permitan consolidar la implementaci\u00f3n de sus planes y proyectos de desarrollo comunitario.<\/p>\n

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Para saber m\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p>\n