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La Autonom\u00eda Ind\u00edgena es la facultad que tienen los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de organizar y dirigir su vida interna, de acuerdo a sus propios valores, instituciones, y mecanismos, dentro del marco del Estado del cual forman parte.<\/strong> Es decir que la Autonom\u00eda ind\u00edgena es la capacidad y la manera de autogobernarse; y tiene como bases: [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n \nLa Declaraci\u00f3n de los Derechos de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas (ONU, 2007) establece su derecho a la Autonom\u00eda o al autogobierno en las cuestiones relacionadas con sus asuntos internos y locales, as\u00ed como a disponer de los medios necesarios para financiar sus funciones aut\u00f3nomas (Art. 4). Por lo tanto, el concepto de Autonom\u00eda tambi\u00e9n incluye la relaci\u00f3n con el Estado, y el modo de obtener recursos econ\u00f3micos a trav\u00e9s de la coparticipaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n El proceso de conformaci\u00f3n de Autonom\u00edas Ind\u00edgenas se ha iniciado en pa\u00edses como Bolivia y Ecuador, que recientemente modificaron sus Constituciones Nacionales incluyendo este nuevo derecho. All\u00ed, las organizaciones y pueblos ind\u00edgenas tienen leg\u00edtimo derecho a constituir sus propios Gobiernos Aut\u00f3nomos, y para ello se plantean dos opciones o modelos de Gobierno:<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_cta _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n a)<\/strong> Un modelo de Gobierno Auton\u00f3mico con todos los poderes constituidos en su interior<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n \nImplica que el gobierno ind\u00edgena ejerza los poderes legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial; es decir que tenga la capacidad para sancionar sus propias leyes, y generar sus propios ingresos, por ejemplo manejando los impuestos y tasas por servicios. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_cta _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ body_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbody_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ button_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbbutton_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n b)<\/strong> Un modelo de Gobierno Auton\u00f3mico limitado<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n \nImplica que el gobierno ind\u00edgena tenga poder ejecutivo, pero con poder legislativo y judicial limitado. En este modelo la Asamblea Nacional o los Congresos Estatales se reservan el derecho de emitir las leyes, y por lo tanto, los ind\u00edgenas tampoco pueden impartir justicia. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bblink_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbquote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n La demanda de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas por constituir sus Gobiernos Aut\u00f3nomos con los 3 poderes sigue vigente; ya que consideran que la posibilidad de sancionar sus propias leyes es clave para ejercer el poder y autoridad. Uno de los principales desaf\u00edos es la complejidad que implica la convivencia con personas no ind\u00edgenas en los mismos territorios, y el an\u00e1lisis de qu\u00e9 tan adecuado es que deban regirse por usos y costumbres que no les son propios.<\/p>\n Las V\u00edas de la Autonom\u00eda Ind\u00edgena<\/strong> Cabe destacar que ciertas realidades pueden requerir que se identifiquen otras v\u00edas o figuras de autogobierno o autonomia: es el caso de aquellos pueblos que por su tama\u00f1o no tienen posibilidad de satisfacer los requisitos legales (existen pueblos indigenas de no m\u00e1s de 100 o 200 personas), tambi\u00e9n en los casos en que los territorios ind\u00edgenas se traslapan con \u00c1reas Protegidas (para saber m\u00e1s visita nuestra secci\u00f3n Superposici\u00f3n de Territorios Ind\u00edgenas y \u00c1reas Protegidas<\/strong>).<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
James Anaya<\/p>\n
\u2580 el territorio,
\u2580 el gobierno propio y su autonom\u00eda para cumplir sus funciones en el territorio,
\u2580 y la identidad cultural.<\/p>\n
Este es el modelo preferido y demandado por gran mayor\u00eda de los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas.<\/p>\n
Sin dudas, este segundo modelo es el m\u00e1s aceptado por los Estados Latinoamericanos.<\/p>\n
Actualmente se plantean dos v\u00edas, caminos o posibilidades para que un territorio ind\u00edgena pueda ser Aut\u00f3nomo, o para que exista Autonom\u00eda Ind\u00edgena.
La primera es la V\u00eda Municipal,<\/strong> por la cual un municipio donde la mayor\u00eda de sus habitantes son ind\u00edgenas y est\u00e1n de acuerdo en esta decisi\u00f3n, pasa a constituirse en Municipio Ind\u00edgena.
La segunda es la V\u00eda Territorial<\/strong>. En este caso, un territorio ind\u00edgena se convierte en Territorio Aut\u00f3nomo, con un Gobierno que ejerce las funciones del Gobierno Municipal (y otras adicionales). Siendo entonces necesario en muchos casos, redefinir los l\u00edmites pol\u00edticos municipales para hacerlo coincidir con los l\u00edmites del territorio indigena.
Para saber m\u00e1s sobre estas v\u00edas, visita nuestras secciones sobre la V\u00eda Municipal<\/strong> y la V\u00eda Territorial<\/strong><\/p>\n