{"id":592,"date":"2019-04-30T23:45:31","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T02:45:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=592"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:55:48","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:55:48","slug":"control-social","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/control-social\/","title":{"rendered":"Control Social"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nAncestralmente, los c\u00edrculos de parentesco fueron la verdadera autoridad que ejerc\u00eda control social en los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de la Amazon\u00eda. La reciprocidad en el intercambio de bienes fortalec\u00eda los lazos sociales del grupo, mientras que la reciprocidad con los due\u00f1os de la naturaleza era clave para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales. Esta forma de control social ejercida por las redes de parentesco, representaba un estado muy avanzado de democracia, ya que las normas eran internalizadas y cumplidas como obligaciones rec\u00edprocas entre las personas, y entre \u00e9stas con la naturaleza.<\/p>\n

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Actualmente, nos referimos a Control Social como el involucramiento de la poblaci\u00f3n en la gesti\u00f3n de los asuntos de inter\u00e9s colectivo y la transparentaci\u00f3n de las funciones que desempe\u00f1an los representantes1<\/strong>. Para ello, los Gobiernos Ind\u00edgenas Auton\u00f3micos deben establecer mecanismos de control social especialmente sobre tres aspectos:<\/p>\n

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1) Control Social sobre la Pol\u00edtica:<\/strong> los gobernados o representados necesitan tener formas para informarse sobre las tareas que desempe\u00f1an sus gobernantes o representantes, y estos deben rendir cuentas para asegurar la transparencia de sus acciones. Las autoridades de las entidades auton\u00f3micas deber\u00e1n responder a su pueblo y rendir cuentas a la asamblea o congreso de las comunidades organizadas del territorio donde ejerzan su mandato2. Para ello, se puede acudir a dos instancias:<\/p>\n

a. Institucional: seleccionar a personas espec\u00edficamente designadas para controlar la gesti\u00f3n de las autoridades; y\/o<\/p>\n

b. Asamblea donde participan las bases sociales: implica poner la gesti\u00f3n a consideraci\u00f3n de las Asambleas que normalmente hacen los ind\u00edgenas para evaluar diversos temas, donde participan todas las bases1.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\nPor ejemplo, en Bolivia por la Ley de Participaci\u00f3n Popular del 20 de abril de 1994, se establecieron los Comit\u00e9s de Vigilancia, constituidos en cada Municipio por Organizaciones Territoriales de Base, y que tienen la funci\u00f3n de controlar que los funcionarios del gobierno no se alejen de los objetivos de la organizaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena, y ejercer control social sobre las cuentas del gobierno municipal3.<\/p>\n

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2)<\/strong> Control Social sobre los Recursos econ\u00f3micos:<\/strong> las autoridades de los Gobiernos Ind\u00edgenas deber\u00e1n rendir cuentas p\u00fablicas de los recursos econ\u00f3micos asignados a su administraci\u00f3n, tanto ante los gobernados como ante el Estado central1.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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3)<\/strong> Control Social sobre los Recursos Naturales<\/strong>: los Gobiernos Ind\u00edgenas necesitan controlar el uso sostenible de sus recursos naturales. Por ejemplo, estableciendo controles internos para no permitir usos inadecuados de los recursos, especialmente ante la presi\u00f3n de agentes externos como empresas petroleras y mineras o grandes madereros, que a veces terminan corrompiendo a dirigentes, incluso llevando a las organizaciones al borde de la ruptura o disoluci\u00f3n1. Para saber m\u00e1s visita nuestra secci\u00f3n sobre Amenazas Internas.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Est\u00e1 pendiente establecer qui\u00e9nes ejercer\u00e1n ese control social y si se crear\u00e1n mecanismos concretos para ese fin, como comit\u00e9s de vigilancia, comit\u00e9s de control, comisiones investigadoras u otros.<\/p>\n

En Bolivia, el Control Social es establecido por la Ley Marco de Autonom\u00edas y Descentralizaci\u00f3n \u201cAndr\u00e9s Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez\u201d<\/strong> promulgada en el a\u00f1o 2010, en su Cap\u00edtulo 2, donde establece que los Estatutos de los gobiernos aut\u00f3nomos garantizar\u00e1n el ejercicio del control social por parte de la ciudadan\u00eda y sus organizaciones (Art 142). Con respecto al alcance de ese control, establece que no podr\u00e1 retrasar, impedir o suspender, la ejecuci\u00f3n o continuidad de proyectos, programas, planes y actos administrativos, salvo que se demuestre un evidente y potencial da\u00f1o a los intereses y al patrimonio del Estado y los intereses o derechos colectivos establecidos en la Constituci\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica del Estado, que haya sido determinado por autoridad competente (Art. 143).<\/p>\n

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Referencias<\/strong>
1.<\/strong> Magaly Espinoza Cu\u00e9llar (2009). Autonomia Indigena en Tierras Bajas<\/strong>. Documento de Trabajo 5. Instituto Internacional para la Democracia y la Asistencia Electoral (IDEA Internacional). La Paz, Bolivia.<\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> Pablo Regalsky (CENDA). \u00bfAutonom\u00edas departamentales? Territorios Ind\u00edgenas Originarios Campesinos y Democracia Municipal: Ordenamiento Territorial para el Acceso y Control Social sobre los Recursos Naturales.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> Mario Galindo Soza. Municipio Ind\u00edgena: an\u00e1lisis del proceso y perspectivas viables<\/strong><\/a>. CEBEM, Bolivia, 2008.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Ancestralmente, los c\u00edrculos de parentesco fueron la verdadera autoridad que ejerc\u00eda control social en los pueblos ind\u00edgenas de la Amazon\u00eda. La reciprocidad en el intercambio de bienes fortalec\u00eda los lazos sociales del grupo, mientras que la reciprocidad con los due\u00f1os de la naturaleza era clave para garantizar la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales. Esta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=592"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3820,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/592\/revisions\/3820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}