{"id":958,"date":"2019-05-04T14:35:30","date_gmt":"2019-05-04T17:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/?p=958"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:55:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T17:55:47","slug":"proyectos-de-infraestructura-iirsa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/proyectos-de-infraestructura-iirsa\/","title":{"rendered":"Proyectos de Infraestructura \u2013 IIRSA"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u201cLos pueblos ind\u00edgenas, no estamos en contra de la IIRSA.<\/em><\/strong>
Es la IIRSA la que est\u00e1 en contra de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas<\/em><\/strong>\u201d
Miguel Palac\u00edn (2009). Coordinador General de la CAOI ante la
Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.<\/p>\n

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Los proyectos de Infraestructura comprenden la construcci\u00f3n y mejoramiento de carreteras, ferrov\u00edas, oleoductos, gasoductos, tendidos el\u00e9ctricos, hidrov\u00edas, puertos, aeropuertos, represas, centrales hidroel\u00e9ctricas y otros. Suelen tener impactos ambientales, y resultan en una amenaza para los Pueblos Ind\u00edgenas cuando estas obras se hacen sobre o en las inmediaciones de sus territorios.<\/p>\n

En el a\u00f1o 2000, durante la primera Cumbre Sudamericana, las 12 rep\u00fablicas que integran la actual Uni\u00f3n de Naciones Suramericanas, crearon la Iniciativa para la Integraci\u00f3n de la Infraestructura Regional Sudamericana (IIRSA), con el objetivo de desarrollar proyectos para el mejoramiento de la infraestructura regional de transporte, energ\u00eda y telecomunicaciones; promover la integraci\u00f3n regional; y facilitar la extracci\u00f3n de recursos naturales. Esta iniciativa cuenta con apoyo t\u00e9cnico y financiero del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, la Corporaci\u00f3n Andina de Fomento, y el Fondo Financiero para el Desarrollo de la Cuenca del Plata. Se organiza en 10 Ejes de Integraci\u00f3n y Desarrollo.<\/p>\n

Mapa de los Ejes de Integraci\u00f3n y Desarrollo de la IIRSA<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Fuente:<\/strong> Red Geoespacial de Am\u00e9rica del Sur (2011).<\/p>\n

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Mapas individuales de los Ejes<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Andino<\/a>
\u2022 Andino del Sur<\/a>
\u2022 Capricornio<\/a>
\u2022 Amazonas<\/a>
\u2022 Escudo Guayan\u00e9s<\/a>
\u2022 Sur<\/a>
\u2022 Hidrov\u00eda Paraguay-Paran\u00e1<\/a>
\u2022 Eje Interoce\u00e1nico Central<\/a>
\u2022 MERCOSUR-Chile<\/a>
\u2022 Per\u00fa-Brasil-Bolivia<\/a><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Cada eje contiene varios proyectos de Integraci\u00f3n Energ\u00e9tica, Pasos de Frontera, Tecnolog\u00edas Informaci\u00f3n y Comunicaciones, Transporte A\u00e9reo, Transporte Mar\u00edtimo y Transporte Multimodal. Para ver los Mapas de cada Grupo de Proyectos haz click Aqu\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> \u00f3 visita la p\u00e1gina Web de la IIRSA.<\/p>\n

Con respecto a los impactos de la IIRSA sobre los pueblos ind\u00edgenas, la Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) realiz\u00f3 en Noviembre del 2010 una Audiencia para analizar este tema. Los peticionarios (la Organizaci\u00f3n Ind\u00edgena de la Chiquitan\u00eda – OICH, la Red de Defensa Jur\u00eddica de la Amazon\u00eda y la Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Ind\u00edgenas – CAOI), indicaron que los megaproyectos vulneraban:<\/p>\n

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♦ El derecho a no ser desplazados<\/strong>.
♦ El derecho a la propiedad colectiva de la tierra,<\/strong> cuando se planifican y ejecutan sobre territorios ind\u00edgenas a\u00fan no titulados.
♦ El derecho a la consulta y el consentimiento libre, previo e informado<\/strong>, cuando no se realizan consultas, o se realizan consultas inadecuadas dirigidas a personas y no a las comunidades
♦ El derecho a la libre determinaci\u00f3n y el autogobierno,<\/strong> al desconocer las formas propias de desarrollo, atentando contra la cosmovisi\u00f3n ind\u00edgena del Buen Vivir; y al desconocer a las autoridades y los procesos de toma de decisiones de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas.
♦ El derecho a la integridad personal y a la salud,<\/strong> por la contaminaci\u00f3n y la p\u00e9rdida de la biodiversidad en zonas de caza, pesca y recolecci\u00f3n1,2.<\/p>\n

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Rodolfo L\u00f3pez, Cacique General de la OICH indic\u00f3 que la Carretera Interoce\u00e1nica Santa Cruz-Puerto Su\u00e1rez<\/strong><\/em> afecta a 31 comunidades en su recorrido (Chiquitanos, Ayoreos, Guaran\u00edes), sin proceso adecuados de consulta. Representa una amenaza a la integridad de las comunidades porque permite la invasi\u00f3n de compradores de tierras, inmigrantes, cazadores deportivos; y contamina los r\u00edos con combustibles. Consider\u00f3 que el mayor da\u00f1o ha sido la divisi\u00f3n social y la creaci\u00f3n de conflictos internos. Agreg\u00f3 que se han destruido viviendas ind\u00edgenas en tierras que no estaban tituladas por lo cual no acceder\u00e1n al beneficio de las compensaciones1.<\/p>\n

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Miguel Palac\u00edn Quispe, Coordinador General de la CAOI indic\u00f3 que la Carretera Interoce\u00e1nica Sur para unir tres puertos peruanos con Brasil, afecta territorios de 78 comunidades ind\u00edgenas, que a\u00fan teniendo sus t\u00edtulos de propiedad, no han sido consultados. Agreg\u00f3 que estos proyectos destruyen sitios sagrados y ponen en riesgo de extinci\u00f3n a los pueblos en aislamiento voluntario.<\/p>\n

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Como resultado de la Audiencia, la CIDH reiter\u00f3 a los Estados que la Convenci\u00f3n Americana requiere que realicen procesos de consulta , y destac\u00f3 la debilidad en la protecci\u00f3n de los territorios ancestrales, que colocan a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en una situaci\u00f3n permanente de vulnerabilidad ante los intereses de terceros interesados en los recursos naturales existentes en sus territorios3.<\/p>\n

Un ejemplo de los proyectos de la IIRSA que afectan a los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en la Regi\u00f3n de Madre de Dios (Per\u00fa), es la planificaci\u00f3n de la Central Hidroel\u00e9ctrica de Inambari4, cuyo impacto esperado, seg\u00fan la CAOI ser\u00eda la inundaci\u00f3n de 46 mil hect\u00e1reas de tierra y el desplazamiento forzado de 65 pueblos ind\u00edgenas Harakmbut, Ese Eja, Shipibo Conibo, y de la comunidad Araza Oetapo; la destrucci\u00f3n de sus h\u00e1bitats y sitios sagrados1. Recientemente, en Junio de 2011, este proyecto ha sido cancelado por Resoluci\u00f3n Ministerial N\u00ba 265-2011-MEM, luego de tres a\u00f1os de denuncias y manifestaciones del Pueblo Carabaya.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.7″ quote_icon_background_color=\u00bb#f5f5f5″ text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00bbtext_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″]<\/p>\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong> Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Ind\u00edgenas (2009). IIRSA vulnera derechos de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas y de la Madre Naturaleza.<\/strong><\/a> ALAI, Am\u00e9rica Latina en Movimiento.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong> CIDH (2010). Video: Situation of Indigenous Communities Affected by the Initiative Project for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA).<\/strong> <\/a>Audiencia N\u00ba10 del Per\u00edodo 137 de Sesi\u00f3n de la CIDH \u201cDerecho a la consulta de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas en la regi\u00f3n amaz\u00f3nica y ejecuci\u00f3n de proyectos de la Iniciativa para la integraci\u00f3n de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana\u201d.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong> CIDH (2010). Anexo al Comunicado de Prensa 38\/10 sobre el 138\u00ba Periodo ordinario de Sesiones de la CIDH.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/strong> Manuel Glave, Elena Borasino (2010). Infraestructura, conservaci\u00f3n y desarrollo en la Amazon\u00eda Peruana.<\/strong><\/a> Lima, 31 de Marzo de 2010.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb3.22.5″ src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/footer.jpg\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00bb500″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> \u201cLos pueblos ind\u00edgenas, no estamos en contra de la IIRSA.Es la IIRSA la que est\u00e1 en contra de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas\u201dMiguel Palac\u00edn (2009). Coordinador General de la CAOI ante laComisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Los proyectos de Infraestructura comprenden la construcci\u00f3n y mejoramiento de carreteras, ferrov\u00edas, oleoductos, gasoductos, tendidos el\u00e9ctricos, hidrov\u00edas, puertos, aeropuertos, represas, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=958"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3801,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/958\/revisions\/3801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.territorioindigenaygobernanza.com\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}